Multiple studies have confirmed that TGF-β (60), NF-κB (61), Wnt (62), Akt (63), Notch (64), and other signaling pathways are involved in EMT in NPC, while EBV infection (65), abnormal gene expression (66), hypoxia (67), and abnormal expression of non-coding RNA (68) are involved in regulating these signaling pathways. Here, TGFB1 is linked to Epstein-Barr virus infection.