We further quantified the fluorescence intensity of HMGB1 in tumor sections, and the results showed that the fluorescence intensity of each group was 0.013 (saline group), 0.045 (Cur group), 0.073 (PPH@C group), 0.117 (Cur + Rg3 group) and 0.315 (PPH@CR group), and among which the highest expression of HMGB1 outside the nucleus was in the PPH@CR group (Fig. 9d). Here, HMGB1 is linked to neoplasm.