ERN1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: After 4 h of hypoxia exposure there were increased expression of 5-HTR2B (p = 0.023, Fig. 1b), Collagen7 (p = 0.027, Fig. 1c), IRE1 (p = 0.019, Fig. 1d), SOD3 (p = 0.021, Fig. 1g), and c-Jun (p = 0.005, Fig. 1h) and a decrease in expression of HIF-1α (p = 0.036, Fig. 1f) in fibroblasts from control subjects, whereas there was an increase in expression of VEGFR2 (p = 0.035, Fig. 1a) in fibroblasts from COPD patients.