On day14 post-infection, immunostaining with astrocytic (GFAP) or neuronal (MAP2 and TUJ1) markers showed that NeuroD1-infected cells displayed decreased GFAP signal (91.6 ± 2.5% → 48.3 ± 1.4%) and exhibited neuronal morphology in both GFAP + and GFAP − cells (Fig. 1D, F). Here, GFAP is linked to infection.