The results showed that CXCL9, IL2RB, and SPP1 were mainly down-regulated in AS and NASH in immune and metabolism-related pathways, especially the metabolism of various fatty acids, the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, the T cell receptor signaling pathway, and the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, and up-regulated in some cancer and biosynthesis related pathways, especially basal cell carcinoma, steroid biosynthesis, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, sulfur metabolism, Linoleic acid metabolism, and the hedgehog signaling pathway (Fig. 8G,H). Here, SPP1 is linked to cancer.