This observation aligned with the MPEA results (Fig. 7c), which compared the enrichment of KEGG glycolysis, TCA cycle, and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways across individual benign/GP3 glands (n = 360), non-cribriform GP4 glands (n = 70), and GP4 ICC glands (n = 36). The gene discussed is CD36; the disease is intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.