Research has shown that lung ILC2s isolated from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) could transdifferentiate into ILC1s when stimulated by IL-β and IL-12, with the reduction of GATA3 transcripts and GATA3 protein expression and upregulation of T-bet expression, while IL-4 can restore the functional characteristics of ILC2. Here, IL4 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.