Interestingly, the large interaction between DNAm and TF activity (TFact) for IRF9, IRF1, STAT2, STAT1, STAT3, TFDP1, FOXM1, E2F3, E2F2, GLI2, and RUNX3 was restricted to SLE patients (Fig. 5a, b). Here, E2F3 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.