The TLR3 agonist, poly-ICLC, is frequently used as an adjuvant with cancer vaccines and has demonstrated good safety and efficacy.350,351 Similarly, lipopolysaccharide, a major component of Gram-negative bacteria, is the natural ligand for TLR4 and can also be employed as an adjuvant in cancer vaccines.352. The gene discussed is TLR3; the disease is cancer.