However, logistic regression showed that only the presence of the TNF-α genotype (−308) (p = 0.003) can increase the risk of peri-implantitis, while the CD-14 polymorphism (−159) (p = 0.002) is associated with a decreased risk.7This is explained by the functions of these immunoregulatory molecules, since in peri-implantitis, proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) increase local secretion and metalloproteinase activity, resulting in stimuli for bone resorption mechanisms, and CD-14 plays an important role in immune defense against bacterial infection.7, 23. Here, TNF is linked to bacterial infectious disease.