TGFβ is a pleiotropic cytokine derived from many cell types but especially the myofibroblastic stromal cells, which is present at a high level in stroma-rich CRC,19 is released from its extracellular matrix trap by radiotherapy,20 reduces intrinsic radiosensitivity through DNA repair pathway switching25 and has multiple inhibitory effects on the immune response.26 This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and colorectal carcinoma.