IDH2 and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): Additional methods in IDH-mutant astrocytomas and other neoplasm types have involved global DNA methylation signatures (Fig. 2b) [114, 125], CNA profiling to identify “chromosomal complexity”/“copy number heterogeneity” (Fig. 2c) [150, 173, 174, 176, 228], mRNA expression signature patterns (Fig. 2d) [37, 175], and other computational molecular signatures of CIN [60].