Based on the finding that IFNγ is elevated in CRS, and is a major avenue for activation of macrophages by T cells, the IFNγ-blocking antibody emapalumab has been utilized successfully for severe CRS [58, 79], and promisingly IFNγ blockade has not been found to compromise CAR-T function in vitro and in vivo in xenograft models of hematologic malignancies [59], although this has found to not hold true for solid tumors [46]. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and congenital rubella syndrome.