Additionally, when ICIs inhibit CTLA-4/PD-1/PD-L1, the “immune brake” of the body is released, which not only strongly activates the immune ability of T cells to tumour cells, but also leads to the decrease in the tolerance of the kidney to endogenous antigens, thus triggering AKI (Izzedine et al., 2019). Here, PDCD1 is linked to acute kidney injury.