CTLA4 and neoplasm: Additionally, when ICIs inhibit CTLA-4/PD-1/PD-L1, the “immune brake” of the body is released, which not only strongly activates the immune ability of T cells to tumour cells, but also leads to the decrease in the tolerance of the kidney to endogenous antigens, thus triggering AKI (Izzedine et al., 2019).