PRKN and Parkinson disease: According to these observations, Borsche et al demonstrated elevated levels of both serum IL-6 and circulating cell-free mtDNA in patients biallelic for either Parkin or PINK1 gene mutations, implicating inflammation in Parkinson’s disease.232 This may suggest an interplay between mitochondrial stress and STING signalling in the pathology of PD.190 This is an attractive hypothesis, if true, the inhibition of the cGAS–STING pathway or finding ways to limit mitochondria pathology and release of mtDAMPs, especially mtDNA into the cytoplasm or circulation, may have therapeutic value in PD.218