Among the pathogenic mechanisms of neurodegeneration in PD, the co-occurrence of mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation may be crucial to induce neuronal degeneration.52,213,214 In particular, defective mitochondrial quality control, mtDAMPs generation and activation of innate immune pathways, including cGAS–STING are proposed to be major contributing factors.215. The gene discussed is CGAS; the disease is Parkinson disease.