EPO and Hypertension: Emerging experimental data and data from various clinical studies indicate that EPO and VEGF have a significant role in the cardiovascular system; e.g., VEGF signaling pathway inhibition induces hypertension, EPO therapy results in increased BP, and EPO-induced hematocrit values and erythrocyte mass alter the integrity of vascular smooth muscles, leading to the deregulation of endothelial vasodilatory factors [4,5,6].