Relative to the control group, the CI-AKI group exhibited markedly elevated serum levels of SCr (39 ± 3.71 vs. 74 ± 7.18, p˂0.001), BUN (6.1 ± 0.58 vs. 12.9 ± 1.09, p˂0.001), NGAL (4.62 ± 0.48 vs. 11.8 ± 1.24, p˂0.001), Cys-C (345.2 ± 30.14 vs. 784.5 ± 42.14, p˂0.001) and urinary level of KIM-1 (23.8 ± 26.2 vs. 88.6 ± 9.12, p˂0.001) in rats (Fig. 3A-E), confirming the successful induction of renal dysfunction in rats. Here, LCN2 is linked to acute kidney injury.