Moreover, expression of immune-related markers upregulated by Interferon gamma (IFNγ) signaling like PD-L1 and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) in the TME, i.e. on non-tumor cells, have been linked to improved prognosis and reduced tumor outgrowth, although some contradictory reports exist [22–27]. Here, IFNG is linked to neoplasm.