neutrophils promote tumor growth by serving as suppressors of adaptive immune cells through immune-suppressive/pathogenic inflammatory mediators including PD-L1, CD11b, and ROS (Cemerski et al, 2002; Varga et al, 2007; Wang et al, 2017), as well as assisting tumor cell growth and metastasis through CD11b-mediated swarming/aggregation with cancer cells (Li et al, 2023a). Here, CD274 is linked to cancer.