These include IL12B, STAT3, FCGR3B, IL1RL1, LRRC32, C2, CD274, CRK, NOG, NCF1, CHRDL2, LY75 and ITLN1 in IBD; STAT3, MICB, HLA-DQA2, IL23R, FCGR3B, FCGR3A, AGER and PCOLCE2 in UC; and C2, TNFSF15, APOM, ADK, IL1RL1, TNFSF8, LRRC32, CFB and C9 in CD. This evidence concerns the gene TNFSF8 and Cowden disease.