Twenty-two of the patients (2.8%) were carriers of pathogenic germline variants in one of the well-established RCC susceptibility genes (CHEK2, FH, MITF, SDHA, VHL)17 and 10 (1.2%) in a pan-cancer susceptibility gene (ATM, BRCA2, BRIP1, FANCM, MSH6, PALB2, PMS2; Supplementary Data 3). Here, VHL is linked to renal cell carcinoma.