Candidate drivers emphasise the central importance of epigenetic modification in the development of ccRCC through SWI/SNF mediated chromatin remodelling (BRD3, ARID2), histone deubiquitination (CUL3, FBXW7) as well as the role of methylcytosine dioxygenase activity (TET1). Here, SMARCA1 is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.