We next tested whether ET-3 or NT is able to retain stem cell properties of MuSCs, which are normally lost during expansion in vitro, reducing the ability of expanded MuSC to contribute to skeletal muscle regeneration in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Dmdmdx-4Cv/Y mice)24,25. This evidence concerns the gene EDN3 and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.