SNCA and neuroblastoma: To establish that treatment with BK40143 and BK40197 induces autophagy, human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were transfected with an α-synuclein plasmid before being treated with rapamycin/chloroquine as a positive control, DMSO as a negative control, or an ascending dose (10, 1, or 100 μM) of either BK40143 or BK40197 for 8 h.