Indeed, the protein plays an important role in GBM radioresistance through the facilitation of proneural-to-mesenchymal transition, which contribute to GBM cell invasion of the surrounding parenchyma and also through the role played by CXCR4 in the invasion of the subventricular zone by glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs), offering a ‘hideout’ from surgical intervention and conventional radiotherapy (Khan et al. 2023; Goffart et al. 2015, 2017; Lombard et al. 2020). This evidence concerns the gene CXCR4 and glioblastoma.