Given the importance of CXCR4 in GBM recurrent tumours and GSCs, and the clinical benefits seen with 177Lu-based TRT in other solid cancers, our study highlights the need to develop effective CXCR4-TRT that can eliminate CXCR4 + GBM tumour cells with minimal damage to non-target tissue. Here, CXCR4 is linked to neoplasm.