INS and Alzheimer disease: Quantitative proteomicsof more than 2,000 brains and 400 cerebrospinalfluid samples identified therapeutic targets and biomarkers for AD,which included glucose metabolism, mitochondrial changes, and neuroinflammation.8 Studies show convincing evidence that AD is ametabolic disease (changes in glucose metabolism and in insulin signalingpathway).9−12 This hypothesis was based on similar traits observed in AD and diabeticpatients.11,13−17