TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: The pre-treatment IL-24 expression was significantly raised in the IBD patient group (N=121) versus healthy controls (p<0.05). IL-24 expression was significantly increased post-treatment in patients treated with biologics (N=71) and, more specifically, with anti-TNFa agents (N=59), but not in the other subgroups (p<0.01; Appendices 4, 5).