AIF1 and Alzheimer disease: We first assessed hippocampal Aif1 (IBA1) and Cd68 mRNA levels in female and male 5xFAD overexpressing GFP by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and found a ∼10-fold increase in Cd68 and a ∼6-fold increase in Aif1 mRNA levels in female 5xFAD-GFP and a ∼13-fold increase in Cd68 and ∼3-fold increase in Aif1 mRNA levels in male 5xFAD-GFP, compared to sex-matched WT-GFP (Figures 4A, B), consistent with AD-associated microglial activation.