Compared with the normal tissue of ESCC, the proportion of naive CD4 T cells, memory B cells, M0 and M1 macrophage, activated CD4 T memory cells in tumor tissue increased significantly, while the proportion of gamma delta T cells, CD8 T cells, Tregs, monocytes, activated NK cells, resting CD4 T memory cells, resting and activated mast cells, and M2 macrophage significantly reduced (Fig. 5C). Here, CD8A is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.