PAR2 deficiency or PAR2 inhibitors ameliorate diabetic kidney disease, kidney fibrosis, glomerulonephritis, diet induced kidney fibrosis and toxin induced kidney disease in various rodent models (Han et al., 2011; Chung et al., 2013; Hayashi et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2017; Ha et al., 2022; Bagang et al., 2023). The gene discussed is F2RL1; the disease is diabetic kidney disease.