CCL1 and Alzheimer disease: The secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), as well as different chemokines like C-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CCL1), CCL5, and C-X-C motif, along with the release of prostaglandins, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), are associated with neurodegeneration at different stages of AD progression (8, 9).