Given the negative association between TGF-β expression and CD8+ T cell infiltration, as well as the immunomodulatory effects of TGF-β, we hypothesized that TGF-β is the main regulatory factor of CD8+ T cell infiltration and function in the TME of EGFR-mutant NSCLC. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.