Recent studies have reported that monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), a TLR4 agonist, and IFNγ, both FDA-approved biological agents, reprogrammed TAMs toward M1-phenotype by inducing type I interferon signaling pathway and activation of cytotoxic T cells through IL-12 and TNFα secreted by macrophages, leading to inhibited metastasis and decreased tumor growth in a breast cancer mouse model [79]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and breast cancer.