GCG and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The results indicated lower risks of MACEs (14.8% vs. 18.8%; aHR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80–0.96) and MAKEs (10.8% vs. 16.0%; aHR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.66–0.80) and in the GLP-1 RAs users group (Table 2, Table S5-6), supporting the association between GLP-1 RAs use and improved outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients with AKD (Fig. 2).