Infection by diverse bacterial pathogens, including Salmonella and Legionella spp., leads to activation of the NLRC4 inflammasome due in part to cytoplasmic flagellin detection by NLR apoptosis inhibitory protein 5 (NAIP5) (Franchi et al. 2006, Miao et al. 2006, Molofsky et al. 2006, Lightfield et al. 2008). This evidence concerns the gene NLRC4 and infection.