Anti-PD-1 therapy combined with other therapies like tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) or Gem/Cis chemotherapy represents an effective treatment strategy for primary liver cancer including HCC and iCCA (MOK T S K, WU Y L, KUDABA et al. 2019; UENO et al. 2019; KUDO et al. 2018; ZHANG and HU 2021; YI et al. 2022). Here, PDCD1 is linked to liver cancer.