BCL2 and cancer: These proteins govern the intrinsic apoptotic process by regulating the permeability of the mitochondrial membrane and the discharge of pro-apoptotic elements like cytochrome C. Cancer cells frequently boost the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins (e.g., Bcl-2, Bcl-xL) or reduce the levels of pro-apoptotic counterparts (e.g., Bax, Bak), thereby developing resistance to drugs that induce apoptosis [22].