We have previously shown the safety and efficacy of a cryptic peptide vaccine against TERT polymerase [9,10,11,12], and we observed that NSCLC patients harboring TERT-specific CD8+ T cells before vaccination in their peripheral blood had a minimal response to chemotherapy, but there was a significant benefit in patients harboring low levels of CD8+ T cells in their tumors [10,12]. The gene discussed is TERT; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.