Cytokines such as IL-6, IL-3, and IL-5 and growth factors such as VEGF and EGF trigger upregulation of intracellular pathways such as NF-κB, JAK/STAT, PI3-K/Akt, and Bcl-2 antiapoptotic proteins—all of which promote MM cell proliferation and therefore the development of resistance [17]. Here, AKT1 is linked to Miyoshi myopathy.