In a small phase II study that included 7 patients with MTC, no pathological responses were seen with combination anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 treatment (nivolumab and ipilimumab), whereas in anaplastic thyroid cancer a partial response was seen in 3/10 of patients, including two with a complete response [74]. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is medullary thyroid gland carcinoma.