CASP9 and Familial prostate cancer: Along with this, the authors confirmed increased caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity upon UD exposure, providing more evidence for the role of apoptosis in prostate cancer cell death [51], similar to another study that demonstrated an upregulated mRNA expression for both caspase 3 and caspase 9 in PC3 cells treated with UD [50].