The finding that Poly I:C and R848 notably increased the IFN-γ positive cells in the CD56+CD16− subpopulation within the PBMCs and that the four TLR ligands upregulated the IFN-γ production in the CD56−CD16+ subpopulation of isolated NK cells suggests the potential of TLR agonists to enhance NK cell-mediated immunoregulatory responses, since IFN-γ is a key cytokine involved in the immune response against infections and tumors, all in the context of ALL. This evidence concerns the gene NCAM1 and infection.