LEFTY2 and neoplasm: Among these genes are ERBB2, CCNA1, FOXC2, LEFTY2, VTN, ACKR3, and PTGS2, which influence processes such as apoptosis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, hypoxia responses, and KRAS signaling pathways, all vital for tumor aggressiveness and metastatic spread.