After the administration of this virus-mimic nucleic acid-engineered EVs to the CT26 tumor-bearing mice, the fusion of VSV-G with cells promoted the release of siPD-L1 into the cytoplasm and triggered robust gene silencing, causing the efficient block of PD-L1/PD-1 interaction and the secretion of IFN-γ produced by CD8+ T cells, which stimulated the repolarization of M2 TAM to M1 macrophages [247]. Here, IFNG is linked to neoplasm.