Although in vitro treatment with CM from hMSCs overexpressing miR-9-5p or miR-221-3p failed to decrease the mRNA level of α-SMA and reverse the activated phenotype of human stellate cell line LX-2, the mRNA level of Col-1α1 was significantly downregulated compared to control CM (Figure 6a), indicating that hMSCs overexpressing miR-9-5p or miR-221-3p may alleviate liver fibrosis via their paracrine factors to disturb the expression of procollagen in activated HSCs. The gene discussed is ACTA1; the disease is Hepatic fibrosis.