ACTA1 and Hepatic fibrosis: In this study, we observed effective alleviation of liver fibrosis upon infusion of hMSCs overexpressing miR-221-3p (Figure 4), and upregulation of miR-221-3p in LX-2 (~45-fold) led to a significant decrease in both α-SMA and Col-1α1 mRNAs (Figure 6b), suggesting that upregulation of miR-221-3p may directly prevent HSC activation and procollagen expression, and its function in liver fibrosis may be cell type- and dose-dependent.