Moreover, in the present study, we also show increased release of alpha isoform of IL-1 from monocytes of untreated PWH, suggesting the involvement of gasdermin D. Notably, a preclinical study has suggested that IL-1α blockade affected early atherosclerosis, whereas anti-IL-1β treatment, but not IL-1α neutralization, limited progression and inflammation in established lesions [40]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1A and atherosclerosis.