In a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse model targeting the TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway, punicalagin, the primary polyphenol in pomegranate, protected DKD by inhibiting pyroptosis, and during this process, the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 4 (NOX4) was downregulated with mitochondrial damage restored [61]. Here, TXNIP is linked to diabetic kidney disease.