An established therapy for patients with CKD, the RAAS inhibitors, including the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), are considered major therapeutic advances since their strong evidence from large randomized controlled trials that have shown their benefits in lowering blood pressure, preventing target organ damage in hypertension, reducing mortality in heart failure and the aforementioned effect in lowering proteinuria and slowing the progressive loss of kidney function in patients with renal disease. The gene discussed is ACE; the disease is heart failure.