SLC5A2 and diabetes mellitus: In patients with DM, the increased activity of SGLT2 leads to an increased sodium and glucose reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule with a subsequently decreased level of sodium in the macula densa and will result in vasodilation of the afferent arteriole and vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole, increased renal plasma flow, intraglomerular pressure, and hyperfiltration, which will lead to the progression of renal disease [34,46].