NLRP3 and viral infectious disease: Moreover, as inflammation is modulated by NLRP inflammasomes [136], the masterpiece of pyroptosis activation (Figure 3), pretreatment with sulforaphane or viroporin prevents NLRP3 inflammasome activation and significantly limits lung RSV/rhinovirus replication and NLRP3-induced inflammation in control Nrf2+/+ but not in Nrf2 knock-out mice, suggesting the pivotal role of Nrf2 in controlling virus infection [17,39,49] and specifically by hampering NLRP3 activation and associated inflammation [39,40,41,42,131,133].