They have a strong antimicrobial system to fight infection in the intestine, hypodermis, and nervous system, harboring both intracellular tissue defenses and conserved immune signaling pathways also present in mammals, including the p38 MAPK pathway, TGFβ signaling, regulation of gene expression by stress-sensitive bZIP-type transcription factors, and nuclear hormone receptors [10,11]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and infection.