Between them, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is undoubtedly the best-known and most widespread ND disease, in which amyloid aggregates formed by the beta-amyloid (Aβ) protein and the hyperphosphorylated Tau protein result in an initial short-term memory loss that then progresses into typical dementia that characterizes this disease [7]. The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is dementia.